“It’s the final stages of loyalty cards, but not of loyalty schemes,” Martin Lewis, founder of the Money Saving Expert website, in January 2018. “The idea that it’s a piece of plastic, and that you get points back and vouchers, is going to go.”

Loyalty programs are undergoing something of a revolution. For many retailers and customers these are no longer about complex, old-fashioned points and rewards systems, one-size-fits-all incentives, or collecting paper coupons.

This 30-page report includes: